Disruptive events like storms, floods, earthquakes, pandemics, and terrorist attacks threaten the functioning of society and the well-being of individuals. Overarching trends like climate change and ...

The Eastern Europe - Analytical Digest Series consists of regular online Digests that provide in-depth analysis of recent events, trends, and developments in Eastern European politics, economics, ...

This PhD project seeks to understand how states interact during non-acknowledged foreign interference campaigns, the conditions under which interferers get away with implausible denials, and the ...

The series CSS Policy Briefs provides concise, policy-orientated output with the aim to set agendas, explain policy-relevant issues, and identify policy options. CSS Policy Briefs are published each ...

Recent revelations of Chinese government-backed hacking show a recurring pattern: prominent hackers behind groups such as APT17, APT27, APT41, Flax Typhoon, and Red Hotel—monikers given by ...

Reports and information disclosures by threat intelligence providers, government agencies, think tanks, and online hacktivists have exposed China’s elaborate multifaceted “hack-for-hire” ecosystem ...

Space systems are an integral part of modern war fighting. Militaries use them to conduct everything from reconnaissance to communications and data transfers, mission planning, and maintain ...

Die «CSS Analysen zur Sicherheitspolitik» diskutieren zwischen 2006 und 2026 aktuelle aussen- und sicherheitspolitische Entwicklungen und deren Hintergründe in prägnanter Form.

The IT Army of Ukraine was stood up in an ad-hoc manner without a clearly structured and proven plan. Born out of necessity, the IT Army subsequently evolved into a hybrid construct that is neither ...

At the NATO Summit in Wales nearly a decade ago, NATO recognized that cyber defense is an inseparable part of collective defense. Therefore, a cyberattack against one or more member states can trigger ...

This book tries to answer the following seven questions: ...

The establishment of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe (CSCE) was a long-standing Soviet idea that gained traction in the 1970s. From 1973 to 1975, East and West engaged in a ...